Energy Efficient Food System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Building Construction for the fire service Essay

Building Construction for the fire administration - Essay Example Truly, the mid year of 1871 in Chicago brought serious and wild fire, which consumed enormous lodging. Around 17,500 structures consumed and 90,000 individuals were influenced by the fire of 24 hour or more. Roughly 300 individuals kicked the bucket because of it and the dry summer with solid breezes spread consuming flotsam and jetsam every which way, which influenced 73 miles of zone. The structure of that period involved single layer development style. The outside layer was liable for fire assurance, however within contained all wooden structure. The fundamental water flexibly and capacity was additionally a wooden organized pine building. At the point when the fire became serious because of inaccessibility of legitimate dousing instrument, (Schons, 2011) the fire bursted for boundless span until the downpour chilled it following 24 hours. The pine wood water stockpiling building was the main water flexibly utilized by the local group of fire-fighters back then and that water was likewise squandered because of breakdown of that building. After this terrible fire episode and enormous obliteration the specialists twist down to investigate the fundamental plan of building structures in such cataclysmic circumstances. Consequently, in 1896 NFPA National Fire Protection Association formulated another approach to ensure enormous fire in structures; thus, presented programmed sprinkler framework. At first, this framework needed legitimate normalization and numerous anxieties from the scientists made it somewhat delayed to get implementable. In any case, in 1901, lion's share of the Factory Mutual structures were ingrained with programmed sprinkler as an imaginative fire assurance apparatus, and this specialized change in the development of building turned into the prime method to keep property from unexpected fire. Another dangerous fire occurrence in Iroquois theater (1903) is viewed as the deadly fire occasion throughout the entire existence of US that consumed 602 individuals. The wooden structure of the theater, no leave section, and elaborate texture (shade and

How to Tell if You Are an Adrenaline Junkie

How to Tell if You Are an Adrenaline Junkie Addiction Addictive Behaviors Print How to Tell If Youre an Adrenaline Junkie By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on February 08, 2020 Holly Wilmeth / Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Have you ever been called an adrenaline junkie? The term was first popularly used in the 1991 movie Point Break in reference to people who favor high-risk activities for the rush that accompanies them. Related to this phenomenon, many people seek out high-sensation experiences for the neurophysiological effects. When dependence on these experiences is created as a way of managing stressful situations, however, it might be time to seek treatment. What Is an Adrenaline Junkie? Physiological mechanisms underlying temperament lead people to seek what feels to them like just the right amount of stimulation in a given situation. This experience of just the right amount of stimulation or sensation is deeply interconnected with psychological mechanisms of motivation and varies across people with different personality traits. In fact, a 2016 study of parachute jumpers found that personality is the greatest predictor of whether a person is likely to undertake risky behavior.?? High anxiety sensation seeking may characterize the so-called adrenaline junkie. The Science Behind the Need for Stimulation Capacity for cognitive control is impaired or enhanced depending on whether a given task requires suppression of or attention to various motivational cues, according to a 2010 study.?? The neurobiology behind these processes is complicated and many brain areas are implicated. Activation of the stress response is thought to drive compulsive behavior through negative reinforcement mechanisms. Release of norepinephrine in the amygdala, the area of the brain activated during the stress response, may represent a key component of the transition to dependence, according to a 2009 study.?? Meanwhile, another study focused on the avoidance-type behaviors often found in PTSD. In this 2018 animal study, researchers found that stimulation of the amygdala leads to a decrease in avoidance behaviors.?? The term adrenaline junkie may have you thinking that the noradrenergic system alone is implicated in sensation-seeking behavior. A 2017 review explores how the neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin, also have a huge impact on the ability to regulate impulsivity and risk-taking.?? The review also examines how the systems which involve these neurotransmitters are dysregulated in people with substance use disorders. Meanwhile, a 2016 study of so-called adrenaline junkies such as rock climbers found that regular climbers experienced frequent and intense craving states and negative affect when they stopped climbing, similar to individuals with substance use disorders.?? Everyday Sensation-Seeking You don’t have to be a bank robber, skydiver, or another obvious type of danger-seeker to be hooked on the rush that comes from a little stress. In fact, you could be somewhat hooked on stimulation in your everyday life and not realize it. An unconscious need for stimulation may influence the way you manage your schedule, the people you spend time with, and even the way you approach a deadline. A 2010 study suggests that neurotic individuals may create drama and crises in their lives to trigger the body’s stress response and get the rush that comes with the excitement and attenuate their negative mood.?? Extroverted individuals may take risks to reinforce positive experiences. Addiction to stimulation is not currently classified as a disorder in the DSM, however, impulsivity risk-taking behavior is relevant to a number of mental health conditions that may warrant additional treatment, such as ADHD, PTSD, and substance use disorder. Behavioral addictions are also newly becoming recognized as valid psychiatric disorders, with pathological gambling earning a spot in the DSM-5, as explored by a 2015 journal article.?? Treating Compulsive Risk-Taking Behavior While leading an exciting life in and of itself isn’t a problem, unwittingly creating crises for yourself or becoming needlessly engulfed in stressful situations can take its toll. If you tend to create more drama in your life than is necessary, the benefit of becoming aware of it is twofold: You can begin to keep things exciting  but take the crisis edge off, paring down unnecessarily stressful activities and distinguishing the subtle difference between a true crisis and a somewhat overblown situation.You can practice relaxation techniques to reverse your body’s stress response when you find yourself overwhelmed so you don’t experience the full negative effects of chronic stress. Learn more about stress and stress management with these ongoing stress management resources, and take the quiz to find out if youre an adrenaline junkie.

Thanksgiving in Germany

Various cultures and nationalities celebrate a successful harvest every fall and the festivities usually involve both religious and non-religious elements. On the one hand, people offer prayerful thanks for a fruitful growing season, for enough food to survive the winter, for their community’s health and well-being, and then add their sincere desire to renew their good fortune in the coming spring. On the other hand, people also delight in having crops of fruits, grains, and vegetables to trade for non-agricultural goods that make their lives more bearable. People worldwide, especially those involved in agriculture, share these common elements after the growing season. German Thanksgiving, das Erntedankfest In Germany, Thanksgiving—(â€Å"das Erntedankfest,† i.e.,Thanksgiving Harvest Festival)—is strongly entrenched in German culture. Erntedankfest is usually observed on the first Sunday of October (04 October 2015 this year), although the timing is not hard and fast nationwide. For example, in many of the wine regions (there are a lot of them in Germany), vintners are more likely to celebrate Erntedankfest in late November after the grape harvest. Regardless of the timing, Erntedankfest is usually more religious than non-religious. At their core and despite their renowned scientific, engineering, and technological wizardry, Germans are very, very close to Mother Nature (â€Å"naturnah†), so, while the economic benefits of a bountiful harvest are always well received, Germans never forget that, without the beneficial guiding force of nature, the harvest would not have gone as well. As one would expect, Erntedankfest, whenever it takes place, includes the usual community events of preachers’ homilies reminding listeners that, whatever their successes, they didn’t achieve it on their own, of colorful parades meandering through the city center, of the selection and crowning of a local beauty as harvest queen, and, of course, of lots of food, music, drink, dancing, and generally enthusiastic revelry. In some of the larger towns, fireworks displays are not uncommon.   Since Erntedankfest stems from both rural and religious roots, some other traditions should interest you. Churchgoers load freshly harvested crops such as fruits, vegetables, and their byproducts, e.g., bread, cheese, etc., as well as canned goods, into sturdy baskets, much like picnic baskets, and take them to their church in mid-morning. Following the Erntedankfest service, the preacher blesses the food and the parishioners  Mohnstriezel distribute it to the poor. Local craftsmen and craftswomen make large, colorful wreaths from wheat or maize to display on one’s door, and they also fashion crowns of various sizes to mount on buildings and to carry in their parades. In many towns and villages, children equipped with lanterns go from house to house in the evening (â€Å"der Laternenumzug†). After the public events, individual families gather at home to enjoy a celebratory meal, often one that has been influenced by American and Canadian traditions. Who hasn’t seen treacly American films of extended families traveling great distances to be together on Thanksgiving? Fortunately, this sentimental aspect of Thanksgiving hasn’t yet polluted German Erntedankfest. The most prominent North American influence and, to many people, particularly those who favor the turkey’s abundance of white meat, the most welcome influence is the growing preference for a roasted turkey (â€Å"der Truthahn†), rather than a roasted goose (â€Å"die Gans†). Turkeys are much leaner, and, consequently, somewhat drier, while a well roasted goose is certainly more savory. If the family cook knows what s/he’s doing, a good six-kilo goose is probably the tastier choice; however, geese have a lot of fat. That fat should be drained, saved, and used to pan-fry sliced potatoes a few days later, so be prepared. Some families have their own traditions and serve duck, rabbit, or roast (pork or beef) as the main course. I’ve even enjoyed a truly magnificent carp (a scale from which I still have in my wallet as protection against poverty). Many such meals feature the superb Mohnstriezel, a sweet braided bun originating in Austria, containing poppy seeds, almonds, lemon rind, raisins, etc. Regardless of the main dish, the side dishes, which are invariably regional, are always incredibly tasty and unique. The main thing to remember about Erntedankfest is that the food and the drink are merely the background. The Erntedankfest’s real stars are â€Å"die Gemà ¼tlichkeit, die Kameradschaft, und die Agape† (the cosiness, the camaraderie, and the agape [the love of God for man and of man for God]).

A Feasibility Study For Eclinicalworks Essay - 3423 Words

Executive Summary This report will conduct a feasibility study for EClinicalWorks. The problem faced by this company is claimed to be an interface related problem, and the system is perceived to be working properly. In order to assess the problem correctly we will using SWOT analysis, elicitation questionnaires, and have suggested to use the prototype model throughout the development of this project. The results will be analyzed by our developers, and a statistical summary will be produced after meeting with key individuals. The statistical summary will be used to evaluate the problem at hand and provide a solution as well as alternative solutions. This report will also check for other limitations that the software may have. This is done to prevent future problems from arising ensuring the continuity of this software. Introduction of Selected Organization EClinicalWorks is a software designed for health care providers to assist them with their medical management needs. It integrates health care management and technology into a single platform, making it easier for providers to store all the required data about patients into a digital format known as the electronic medical record (EMR). Having an electronic health record (EHR) certification, eClinicalWorks ensures that the providers have the necessary means to make the most out of the system while meeting their objectives. Since most hospitals must abide by the ICD-10 codes, which is an international classification ofShow MoreRelatedManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Data

5th and 6th amendment Free Essays

The Fourth Amendment protects the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, and provides that no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons to be seized. In order to establish probable cause, the officer must establish that there is a fair probability that the area to be searched contains evidence or the person to be arrested has committed a crime; a mere possibility is insufficient. A search without a warrant is presumed unreasonable absent the resence of a recognized exception. We will write a custom essay sample on 5th and 6th amendment or any similar topic only for you Order Now U. S. v. Johnson. The Supreme Court has held that this is permissible, but only under certain circumstances. The first issue is whether Detective Davis (DD) committed a search when she went down to the basement. A search occurred if Bishop Short had a subjective expectation of privacy which society would deem to be reasonable (Katz v. U. S. The defense would likely argue that the Bishop (B) had a subjective expectation of privacy in the basement, and that there was an objective expectation of privacy also because only the area where services took place were open to the public. The government would counter by arguing that DD simply walked downstairs during the services, which were open to the public, so anyone nad access to this area. Additionally, there was a children’s playroom, which could be used to take loud or crying babies during the services, and that was therefore accessible to the public. If other members of society could gain access and view the basement, then there was not an objective expectation of privacy. Accordingly, DD did not commit a search simply by going into the basement. Whether a search occurred becomes less clear once DD entered B’s office. The overnment would argue that the door was open, so DD did not commit a search by merely entering B’s office. Whether this was a search was less significant, however, than the opening of the desk drawer. Even if DD had legal access to the office, she certainly â€Å"searched† when she opened the drawer. According to the plain view exception of the warrant requirement, a police officer can seize anything in plain view once legally in a space, but the officer needs probable cause to believe that what is immediately apparent is contraband or evidence of a crime, and it cannot require further investigation. Arizona v. Hicks. The Supreme Court has even eld that lifting a turntable to view a serial number is an illegal search that extends beyond the limits of the plain view doctrine. Arizona v. Hicks. Certainly, opening the desk drawer is more of an invasion ot privacy than litting a turntable. Further, the detense would argue that B had both a subjective and objective (an expectation that society is prepared to recognize as reasonable) expectation of privacy in the contents of the drawer. Katz. B would argue he had a subjective expectation of privacy, mostly because the drawer was closed, but also that society would recognize this as a reasonable expectation because the drawer was closed. If the government had not brought this up earlier, it would certainly bring up the argument by now that it had probable cause to believe there was evidence of the crime (possession of cocaine with the intent to distribute) based on the informant’s tip. Whether an informant’s tip is sufficient for establishing probable cause depends on the Gates totality of the circumstances test, where there should be particularized facts that show given all the circumstances, there is a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found. To simply say that the drugs are â€Å"stored somewhere in the church† is not necessarily enough to establish probable cause. Even if it was enough to establish probable cause, DD certainly had time to get a warrant before searching the church. Accordingly, by the time DD opened the drawer, a court would likely find that DD committed a â€Å"search†, and anything she found therein wou d be suppress certainly ed. The detense woul d take this one step turtner and argue that opening the bible was a search, even if opening the drawer wasn’t. DD would have needed to get a warrant to open and search the bible. Accordingly, a court would likely find that DD illegally searched B’s drawer when she opened the drawer and opened the bible, and the ocaine would likely be suppressed as evidence to be used against B. A court would likely similarly suppress the cocaine, spreadsheets, and cash found in the room next to the office. The defense would argue that B had both a subjective and reasonable, objective expectation of privacy in this room (Katz) and that DD had no warrant that allowed her to legally enter this area. How to cite 5th and 6th amendment, Papers

Marketing OSIM Company Essay Example

Marketing OSIM Company Essay 1. Introduction The paper emphases on the nature of the marketing plan as whole. The author is doing the research on the of the international branded and premium that is OSIM Company product on the uDivine Application massage chair. In these assignments will share on OSIM marketing plan which involved analysis on competitor, developed understand on marketing and sales strategy. Understand on the main key player which has contributed a lot to OSIM Company as whole. 2. 0 Company Background Corporate Profile, Mission, Vision and Goals of OSIM OSIM International Ltd is well known as an global impetus leader in healthy and C. The founded of OSIM Company is Ron Sim in year 1980 in Singapore (OSIM Ltd. , 2010). Previously OSIM was under the name of R Sim Trading, an electrical and household appliance company (OSIM Ltd. , 2010). In year 1980 with a small start-up capital, the company have engages with promotion of household products such as knife sharpeners, knife and mobile clothes drying rods. However in year 1989, the company listed with the name called â€Å"Health Check and Care†, and then later on shifted their main focus to healthy lifestyle products. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing OSIM Company specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing OSIM Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing OSIM Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Since then this had created great development for the company and manages to operate outlets in Indonesia and Malaysia (AsiaPulse News, 2002). 2. 1 Vision and Mission The company’s vision was to become the global leader in healthy life style products whereas their mission was to challenge the spirit of their clients. The goal of the company was to bring the healthy lifestyle to their consumers (Business Times-Malaysia, 2003 and New Straits Times, 2003). Inspiring Life† is the motto of the OSIM Company. Vision: The global leader in healthy lifestyle products Mission: Bringing healthy lifestyle to you. 2. 2 Company Locations and Facilities OSIM Company has 1196 Outlets in more than 222 cities across 30 countries in Asia, Oceania, Africa, the Middle East, Europe and North America. The Company operation is dividing into two segments that are distribution and retail (refer to appendix 1). The OSIM company headquarters is in Singapore. 1. Products and Services OSIM product is the most trusted brand. The company is known as International Safety Standards which are abide with worldwide health and safety regulations. All products are designed with safety and appropriate method to health. Furthermore, the companies have good quality performance because their entire product has been approved from clinic research, medical certifications and scientific studies. The health-care product have careful checked and studies scientifically by expertise. They have been awarded certification and recognition from independents bodies in terms of innovation and technology wise. OSIM Company receive award winning design from Japan, Europe and Asia. OSIM product was awarded the Largest Health Check and Care Equipment Retail Chain by the Malaysian Book of Records and Asia Pacific Honesty Enterprise Keris Award 2002. OSIM is known as ASIA No 1 Brand in healthy lifestyle equipment by a prestigious International Survey for international market research. Besides, OSIM has also been rated by AC Nielsen survey in 2005 as the Number One brand in seven attributes (High Quality Products, Advance Technology, Premium Brand, Innovative Design Features, Trustworthy Brand, Good Customer Service and Good Store Ambience). 3. 1 Products Description OSIM uDivine Application massage chair is the finest worlds best selling massage chair and phone innovates that lift up leveraging of power digital technology of smart phones and mobile technology. The uDivine application markets a benchmark of innovation and transformed it to an intelligent, multi-sensory enjoyment for the body, mind and soul. If the consumer purchased uDivine App massage chair, there is a personal massage advisor that renders its smart recommendations and useful information on optimising the uDivine App massage experience at home. It wills functional 24hours/7 days. The massages chair featured about 13 professionally crafted massage programs by Japanese Expert, Mr. Sato Tsuyoshi. The OSIM uDivine App massage chair deliver performance and quality in full-body massage, redefines an unrivalled Human-3D massage experience in utmost way and well-being. It also offers a suite of the most invigorating massage programs and manual massage techniques that are thoughtfully designed for a multi-sensory full-body massage experience with consumer favourite audio, audio and visual entertainment. (Refer to appendix 2) 3. 3 Supply and Demand Details Base on the quarter ended results for 30/9/2012 (Refer to appendix 3). OSIM Company is making sales of S$142 million compare to last year only at S$124 million. The company is making profitability growth in Quarter 3 2012. The companies have achieved profitability for 15 consecutive quarters. Quarter 3 revenue is S$142 million. The uDivine Application and various other products perform well. Profit before tax reached S$26 million +23% this is because increase in sales and better productivity gained. (Refer to appendix 3) 3. 4 Technology Needs OSIM uDivine Application massage chair is Human-3D massage chair with an intelligent massage system that build in precisely, realistic and human contour based, delivering the most humanized, pleasurable and effective full body massage. Consumer able to felt relieve after the all process. Add on item such as airbags, kneading discs and automatic body detection which make, the OSIM uDivine application delivers the pleasures of the most humanized and effective full-body massage. Latest technology achieved is OSIM Company works with Apple iPod touch, iPhone and iPad in making the OSIM uDivine App massage chair a latest benchmark for massage chair innovation with transforming it to an intelligent, multi-sensory enjoyment for the body, mind and soul. 4. 0 Market Analysis 4. 1. 1 Target market segment strategy. OSIM Company used market analysis segment strategy to target its market entirely to earning profit. The company targeted demographic, psychographics and geographic segmentation. Demographic parts are divides into several groups based on occupation, income, gender and age. UDivine Application suitable to all individual ages above 10 years until 60 years old. Base on Singapore statistic data shown 70% high employment rate from ages 25 until 66 years old is working. The company is targeting on mid range of consumer income which mean the availability to purchase the product with full settlement or monthly installement packages. Psychographics able to classified as social class or lifestyles of current population. Furthermore people nowadays are busy with their career life and travelling which have not time to stay fit and healthy. The company is targeting geographic segmentation in international markets which their businesses are expanding around Asia region and globally. 4. 1. 2 Market Needs. Market needs in the early 21st century change a lot compare it the 90’s. We tend to see a lot of people are busy with their own daily life in career or searching for money. Everyone is busy which have potential tendency to bygone their health which is very important target. Base on Singapore Statistic study in the 2011 shown that high trend of cause break down (refer to appendix 4). This mean nowadays people seldom precaution about their health. Therefore OSIM have created uDivine Application with good technology installed in it to suit these generation consumers. People can stay healthy and fit at the same enjoy their life. 4. 1. 3 Market trends Base on Singapore Statistic shown that the population trend is increased in Singapore. This show more people means more money and market trend is shoot up in the positive trait. The lifestyles of Singaporean consumer are changed a lot compared to previous years back. More consumers are well educated and have better employment. (Refer to appendix)This shows purchasing power is increased. In Singapore, consumer tends purchase uDivine Application for health and lifestyle purpose. The consumer is able to purchased uDivine Application due to their purchasing power is increase which uDivine Application is reasonable and affordable to own one. 4. 1. 4 Market Growth. Singapore Economic Singapore is the 17th wealthiest country in the world in terms of GDP per capita (US$326. 80) and adds on with a high literacy rate of 95. 4%. The gross national income is (US$61692) compare to year 2010 is only (US$60009). The vibrant enterprise and ecosystem which made Singapore known and attracted more than 7,000 multinational corporations (MNC), many of which have established regional or international headquarters here in Singapore. Base on Singapore Statistic on economic review for year 2012 (refer to appendix 5) show that consumer price index a positive trend for health care product in Singapore about 6% weighted. Therefore OSIM businesses in Singapore fluctuate much better when their introduces uDivine Application to the market. Beside introduces the uDivine Application to the market it also create job opportunities for people whom this will generate cash flow to Singapore Economic. 4. 2 Industry Analysis 4. 2. 1 Industry Participants/Key Players In all main businesses like OSIM Company is also support from important key players teams in business such as customer, government, supplies, public, employee and shareholder. All of the six main key players is shown the entire process for a company to achieved its goals. Furthermore without them the company will be doom. It is just like a life phases for a company. Everyone of them makes OSIM Company as what today. The customer or consumer bought or purchased the product and satisfied with it will give a positive trait such as feedback, suggestion and opinion. The more product consumer purchased the company will generate more revenue. Government also will imposed taxation on the product to generate cash flow back to the country and provide safetly environment. Supplies will build up internal relationship with company due to business transaction is exits. The public will be aware of the latest update on products from the company in respective of healthy lifestyle, employee and shareholder will gain benefit n returns such as bonus, share, promotion and others. 4. 2. 2 Main Competitors/Competitive Analysis Two major competitors which have similar post competition to OSIM a are Ogawa World Berhad (OGAWA) and Gintell. OGAWA is well known as Malaysian health and wellness retail store which started in 1996 and successfully a leading player in health and wellness equipments in Malaysia. It also a committed brand which involved in a healthier lifestyle. Gintell started in 1996 and expanded its business network with more than 60 outlets in just 12 years. However Gintell is known as one of the leading healthcare chain stores in Malaysia. Both of the companies gave OSIM much competition in the health and wellness section and currently affect OSIM market shares seriously. Nevertheless, OSIM still have positive trait on its side due to more of OSIM outlets store have penetrated more markets compare to both Ogawa and Gintell. Gintell have make partnership with Panasonic in development (R) strengths and technology advance. This gives opportunities tor GINTELL to produce more quality healthcare products through its retail network. The cooperation between Panasonic and Gintell gives OSIM a tough competition. Ogawa is focus to synergistic products that generate revenues in terms of target market, retail habit and demographics. Both Gintell and Ogawa price and promotion are more a less the same. OSIM product range may be priced a little a higherdue to its mark up cost compare to its competitors. OSIM products are well known for its brand and have better quality assurance to its consumer. The consumers also have better customer satisfaction over the products itself. To conclude OSIM should continue to make progress and understand the advantage of its strength may indeed seek to turn competitor review threats into its own opportunities strengths. 5. 0 Marketing Strategy Marketing strategy can influence both the internal and external environments. Internal environmental factors are concern about marketing mix (4’P), performance analysis and strategic constraints. External environmental factors are concern about customer analysis, competitor analysis, target market analysis, as well as evaluation of any elements of the technological, economic, cultural or political/legal environment likely to impact success. The main key feature of marketing strategy is to keep marketing in line with a company mission statement. Marketing program 5. 1 PRODUCT OSIM Company sells consumer product which gives their consumer a healthy lifestyle product. Types of health product that they sell are as the following: back massagers, blood pressure monitor, massage chair, eye massagers, foot massagers, head massagers, slim belts, and pedometer and water purifiers. uDivine Application are specialty products that help to maintain good health and give satisfaction in return. The company makes a better decision base on product attributes in stages of development a new product. The first part penetrated the quality level of generate ideas which meet the objective of the company or not. Secondly, concept testing is important which OSIM company need to know wether there is a sufficient market for any new launch product. In product development stage an extensive primary market research is making to finalized the consumer reaction on product. Next step is analysing cost or revenues gained. Apparently on production cost they will set a reasonable price of product to be sold. Therefore they will consider developing a prototype as an example. The entire product features such as the design; materials, quality and safety need to be considering also. 5. 2 Pricing Strategy OSIM Company by its own is highly brand which sells healthcare product in the market. OSIM stands by its own image, name, safety and quality. The products pricing of the OSIM Company will have impact on the quantity sell and profit margin received per unit. First step to set pricing is needed to liaise with the objectives of pricing. Gained or earning profit is the main figure objective set. OSIM Company has three type strategies in setting the price of the uDivine Application. First OSIM used cost-plus pricing which is the total cost of producing each unit of product is calculated. Then, percentage profit is calculated by adding the unit cost to arrive at the selling price. Secondly, skimming pricing is given to products which are innovative and highly technology product such as uDivine Application. The strategies plans for these kinds of products usually set at the affordable high price because it needs high cost to make the product and furthermore it design to create an up-market trend. Thirdly, another kind of pricing strategy which OSIM Company applies is competition-oriented pricing. The competition oriented pricing is another strategy which makeup the price for a uDivine Application product by comparison view with the competitor product such as OGAWA. Apparently listing price, varieties of discount and allowance will be include when setting a price uDivine Application. 5. 3 Promotion Strategy Promotion is another action step in business to make consumers aware about the product. Through this promotion, company can attract consumers to purchase the product. The main objective of OSIM Company promotion is to increase sales and popularity of the company brand. Types of promotion involved are advertising, personal selling, and sales promotions. Furthermore, OSIM Company normally advertises its products through online, brochure and conducts types of road show events. Do online advertising is cheaper comparing to others method. Consumers can surf on to the website of the company to find more about the company and it is free. Apparently, the brochures are only given to visitors who have visited the outlets or to road shows. Furthermore, these minimum cost types of promotion are helping the company to lower down the expenses. However, OSIM Company always used top international artiste as a model or celebrities to promote its product such as the new product uDivine Application massage chair. OSIM Company use artiste Andy Lau as endorser and Lin Chi Ling as a model for the Worlds first little massage sofa. Furthermore, this will help OSIM Company to get the target audience by immediately as a fan of the celebrity. Apparently, they target aim for popularity. By advertise them in order to get popular in the world. OSIM Company also makes global sponsorship for types of sport event like badminton. Therefore it can help to raise the company name and well known in around the globe. 5. 4 Distribution Patterns (Place) OSIM Company has chosen an appropriate place to sell its products. However in business without a good place to launch or promote OSIM Company product will make harder to be successful in target market even though the product have are reasonable price. OSIM Company has two kinds of distribution patterns which are retailing concept and distribution concept. The retail segment is always engaged with outlets and counters operated by elected shopping malls and a good departmental stores which is the products are sold in terms of directly to end user consumers. OSIM Global Retail concept for an example no matter at Changi International Airport in Singapore, Harrods in London, Times Square in Hong Kong all of the OSIM Global Retail Concept platform will projects a singular image that is firstly welcoming, attractive and inspiring. The company believe that the consumer is experiencing a journey from the first stage of attraction towards the product, keen delightful to discovery of the products, f inally next move the final stage of a purchase. The distributions segmenting are engaged with products solely distributed by the Company with the franchisees in overseas markets. The company subsidiaries are OSIM (China) Co. , Ltd, Nutri Active Pte Ltd, Victoria House Pte Ltd and VHE China Limited, OSIM (HK) Company Limited, OSIM International Trading (Shanghai) Co. , Ltd, OSIM (M) Sdn Bhd, OSIM (Taiwan) Co. , Ltd, Nutrition Focus (USA) Inc, Global Active Limited (GAL). (Will add in the Appendix on the company location around the globe) 5. 5  Marketing Program and Sales Strategy OSIM Company always prepared ahead a program plan to launch a new product such as uDivine Application the massages chair. Their will do marketing program to introduces the product to consumer such as do roadshow on uDivine Application at shopping malls, health exhibition campaign, charity show and many more. OSIM Company also does sponsorships games or show to get near to the consumer preference such as the â€Å"Badminton World Federation Games† (BWF World Super series games) in 2010. Beside that, OSIM Company use personal selling approach method towards consumer purchased uDivine Application. In personal selling there are several steps in such as deal with prospecting, whether is qualifying, pre-approach step , approach method, presentation such as public relation, handling objections whether yes or no answer, closing stage but lastly is the follow up method. Among all method, the crucial step is the follow up after the sale which the company sale personnel will contact the consumer after quarterly year to check whether is consumer is pleased with the product which their have purchased. Sales program also can be organized during festive season like Chinese New Year, Hari Raya, and Christmas and also on special occasion such as Mother Day and Father Day. During sale programme the company will allocate certain product with a production price within a certain period. All of these plans will generate more profit back to the company 6. 0 Web Plan and Summary OSIM has its own registered website ‘‘www. osim. com to market their product on Internet to let or inform more people known about OSIM company and its products. It has types of sites which is corporate web site holds the company profile, management level, investor, company location but the marketing site is marketing web site is designed to engage consumers with direct purchase of the product. It is crucial for a company to have its own website especially launch new products, offering new services and reaching consumer. The digital era nowadays has leaded many people to use internet to surf and search information. Consumer can access or surf in any website with few seconds. Apparently setting up a website could be costly but it is offset by reaching a large volume consumers and providing necessary information. 6. 1 Website Marketing Strategy OSIM website marketing strategy such as make use of the popular Facebook as a tool to promote the products and provide brief information and latest happenings in regard to their road shows. Job recruitment advertisements are found their website and it will save the companys cost expense in advertising such as the newspaper. Consumers can sign up for mailing list to receive any special offers, promotions and well-being tips from OSIM. Another marketing strategy involved is E-commerce which has the ability of businesses to trade with the world via websites. The good potential about E-commerce is businesses are able to market and create awareness on the products in a larger group of audience which operates now open 24 hours every day. 6. 2 Development Requirements There is also an ample room for improvement for the website. Sometime it is nice to have better colour or live picture to attract the consumer comes to the website because colour and picture deliver more messages compare to words. Their should encourages some online contest or quiz for consumer who is able to answer all correct have the change to used OSIM products for a certain time to get the experiments feeling of using it. 7. 0 Conclusion However in performed this reasearch on marketing plan for a premium (Branded) product such as uDivine Application in OSIM Company. We understand how crucial to have marketing plan to run the business in future. Therefore proper marketing and sales strategy in business is crucial to achieve the company goals to generate profit.

Messerschmitt Me 262 Used by the Luftwaffe

Messerschmitt Me 262 Used by the Luftwaffe Specifications (Me 262 A-1a) General Length: 34 ft. 9 in.Wingspan: 41 ft.Height: 11 ft. 6 in.Wing Area: 234 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 8,400 lbs.Loaded Weight: 15,720 lbs.Crew: 1 Performance Power Plant: 2 x Junkers Jumo 004B-1 turbojets, 8.8 kN (1,980 lbf) eachRange: 652 milesMax Speed: 541 mphCeiling: 37,565 ft. Armament Guns: 4 x 30 mm MK 108 cannonsBombs/Rockets: 2 x 550 lb. bombs (A-2a only), 24 x 2.2 in. R4M rockets Origins Though best remembered as a late-war weapon, the design of the Messerschmitt Me 262 began prior to World War II in April 1939. Spurred by the success of the Heinkel He 178, the worlds first true jet which flew in August 1939, the German leadership pressed for the new technology to be put to military use. Known as Projekt P.1065, work moved forward in response to a request from the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM - Ministry of Aviation) for a jet fighter capable of at least 530 mph with a flight endurance of one hour. Design of the new aircraft was directed by Dr. Waldemar Voigt with oversight from Messerschmitts chief of development, Robert Lusser. In 1939 and 1940, Messerschmitt completed the initial design of the aircraft and began building prototypes to test the airframe. Design Development While the first designs called for the Me 262s engines to be mounted in the wing roots, issues with the power plants development saw them moved to pods on the wings.  Due to this change and the increased weight of the engines, the aircrafts wings were swept back to accommodate the new center of gravity. Overall development was slowed due to continued issues with the jet engines and administrative interference.  The former issue often was a result of the necessary high-temperature resistant alloys being unavailable while the latter saw notable figures such as Reichsmarschall Hermann Gà ¶ring, Major General Adolf Galland, and Willy Messerschmitt all oppose the aircraft at different times for political and economic reasons. Additionally, the aircraft that would become the worlds first operational jet fighter received mixed support as many influential Luftwaffe officers who felt that the approaching conflict could be won by piston-engine aircraft, such as the Messerschmitt Bf 109, a lone. Originally possessing a conventional landing gear design, this was changed to a tricycle arrangement to improve control on the ground. On April 18, 1941, the prototype Me 262 V1 flew for the first time powered by a nose-mounted Junkers Jumo 210 engine turning a propeller. This use of a piston engine was the result of ongoing delays with the aircrafts intended twin BMW 003 turbojets. The Jumo 210 was retained on the prototype as a safety feature following the arrival of the BMW 003s. This proved fortuitous as both turbojets failed during their initial flight, forcing the pilot to land using the piston engine. Testing in this manner continued for over a year and it was not until July 18, 1942, that the Me 262 (Prototype V3) flew as pure jet. Streaking above Leipheim, Messerschmitt test pilot Fritz Wendels Me 262 beat the first Allied jet fighter, the Gloster Meteor, into the skies by about nine months. Though Messerschmitt had succeeded in out-pacing the Allies, its competitors at Heinkel had first flown their own prototype jet fighter, the He 280 the previous year.  Not backed by the Luftwaffe, the He 280 program would be terminated in 1943. As the Me 262 was refined, the BMW 003 engines were abandoned due to poor performance and replaced by the Junkers Jumo 004. Though an improvement, the early jet engines possessed incredibly short operational lives, typically lasting only 12-25 hours. Due to this issue, the early decision to move the engines from the wing roots into pods proved fortuitous. Faster than any Allied fighter, production of the Me 262 became a priority for the Luftwaffe. As a result of Allied bombing, production was distributed to small factories in German territory, with around 1,400 ultimately being bu ilt. Variants Entering service in April 1944, the Me 262 was used in two primary roles. The Me 262 A-1a Schwalbe (Swallow) was developed as a defensive interceptor while the Me 262 A-2a Sturmvogel (Stormbird) was created as a fighter-bomber. The Stormbird variant was designed at Hitlers insistence. While over a thousand Me 262s were produced, only around 200-250 ever made it to frontline squadrons due to shortages in fuel, pilots, and parts. The first unit to deploy the Me 262 was Erprobungskommando 262 in April 1944. Taken over by Major Walter Nowotny in July, it was renamed, Kommando Nowotny. Operational History Developing tactics for the new aircraft, Nowotnys men trained through the summer of 1944 and first saw action in August. His squadron was joined by others, however, only a few of the aircraft were available at any given time. On August 28, the first Me 262 was lost to enemy action when Major Joseph Myers and Second Lieutenant Manford Croy of the 78th Fighter Group shot one down while flying P-47 Thunderbolts. After limited use during the fall, the Luftwaffe created several new Me 262 formations in the early months of 1945. Among those becoming operational was Jagdverband 44 led by the famed Galland. A unit of select Luftwaffe pilots, JV 44 began flying in February 1945. With the activation of additional squadrons, the Luftwaffe was finally able to mount large Me 262 assaults on Allied bomber formations. One effort on March 18 saw 37 Me 262s strike a formation of 1,221 Allied bombers. In the fight, the Me 262s downed twelve bombers in exchange for four jets. While attacks such as this frequently proved successful, the relatively small number of available Me 262s limited their overall effect and the losses they inflicted generally represented a tiny percentage of the attacking force. Me 262 pilots developed several tactics for striking Allied bombers. Among methods preferred by pilots were diving and attacking with the Me 262s four 30mm cannons and approaching from a bombers side and firing R4M rockets at long range. In most cases, the Me 262s high speed made it nearly invulnerable to a bombers guns. To cope with the new German threat, the Allies developed a variety of anti-jet tactics. P-51 Mustang pilots quickly learned that the Me 262 was not as maneuverable as their own planes and found that they could attack the jet as it turned. As a practice, escorting fighters began flying high over the bombers so that they could quickly dive on German jets. Also, as the Me-262 required concrete runways, Allied leaders singled out jet bases for heavy bombing with the goal of destroying the aircraft on the ground and eliminating its infrastructure. The most proven method for dealing with the Me 262 was to attack it as it was taking off or landing. This was largely due to the jets poor performance at low speeds. To counter this, the Luftwaffe constructed large flak batteries along the approaches to their Me 262 bases. By wars end, the Me 262 had accounted for 509 claimed Allied kills against approximately 100 losses. It is also believed that a Me 262 flown by Oberleutnant Fritz Stehle scored the final aerial victory of the war for the Luftwaffe. Postwar With the end of hostilities in May 1945, the Allied powers scrambled to claim the remaining Me 262s. Studying the revolutionary aircraft, elements were subsequently incorporated into future fighters such as the F-86 Sabre and MiG-15. In the years after the war, Me 262s were used in high-speed testing. Though German production of the Me 262 ended with the conclusion of the war, the Czechoslovak government continued building the aircraft as the Avia S-92 and CS-92. These remained in service until 1951. Selected Sources Stormbirds: Me 262Me 262

Vanadium Facts (V or Atomic Number 23)

Vanadium Facts (V or Atomic Number 23) Vanadium (atomic number 23 with symbol V) is one of the transition metals. Youve probably never encountered it in pure form, but it is found in some types of steel. Here are essential element facts about vanadium and its atomic data. Fast Facts: Vanadium Element Name: VanadiumElement Symbol: VAtomic Number: 23Group: Group 5 (Transition Metal)Period: Period 4Appearance: Blue-gray metalDiscovery: Andrà ©s Manuel del Rà ­o (1801) Vanadium  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 23 Symbol: V Atomic Weight: 50.9415 Discovery: Depending who you ask: del Rà ­o 1801 or Nils Gabriel Sefstrom 1830 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d3 Word Origin: Vanadis, a Scandinavian goddess. Named after the goddess because of vanadiums beautiful multicolored compounds. Isotopes: There are 20 known isotopes of vanadium ranging from V-23 to V-43. Vanadium has only one stable isotope: V-51. V-50 is nearly stable with a half-life of 1.4 x 1017 years. Natural vanadium is a mostly a mixture of the two isotopes, vanadium-50 (0.24%) and vanadium-51 (99.76%). Properties: Vanadium has a melting point of 1890/-10 °C, boiling point of 3380 °C, specific gravity of 6.11 (18.7 °C), with a valence of 2, 3, 4, or 5. Pure vanadium is a soft, ductile bright white metal. Vanadium has good corrosion resistance to alkalis, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and saltwater, but it oxidizes readily at temperatures exceeding 660 °C. The metal has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section. Vanadium and all of its compounds are toxic and should be handled with care. Uses: Vanadium is used in nuclear applications, for producing rust-resistant spring and high-speed tool steels, and as a carbide stabilizer in making steels. Approximately 80% of the vanadium that is produced is used as a steel additive or ferrovanadium. Vanadium foil is used as a bonding agent for cladding steel with titanium. Vanadium pentoxide is used as a catalyst, as a mordant for dyeing and printing fabrics, in the manufacture of aniline black, and in the ceramics industry. Vanadium-gallium tape is used to produce superconducting magnets. Sources: Vanadium occurs in approximately 65 minerals, including vanadinite, carnotite, patronite, and roscoelite. It is also found in certain iron ores and phosphate rock and in some crude oils as organic complexes. Vanadium is found in small percentages in meteorites. High purity ductile vanadium may be obtained by reducing vanadium trichloride with magnesium or a magnesium-sodium mixture. Vanadium metal also may be produced by calcium reduction of V2O5 in a pressure vessel. Vanadium  Physical Data Element Classification: Transition MetalDensity (g/cc): 6.11Electronegativity: 1.63Electron Affinity: 50.6 kJ/molMelting Point (K): 2160Boiling Point (K): 3650Appearance: soft, ductile, silvery-white metalAtomic Radius (pm): 134Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 8.35Covalent Radius (pm): 122Ionic Radius: 59 (5e) 74 (3e)Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.485Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 17.5Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 460Debye Temperature (K): 390.00Pauling Negativity Number: 1.63First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 650.1Oxidation States: 5, 4, 3, 2, 0Lattice Structure: Body-Centered CubicLattice Constant (Ã…): 3.020CAS Registry: 7440-62-2 Vanadium Trivia Vanadium was initially discovered in 1801 by the Spanish-Mexican mineralogist Andres Manuel del Rà ­o. He extracted the new element from a sample of lead ore and found salts formed a multitude of colors. His original name for this colorful element was panchromium, meaning all colors.del Rio renamed his element erythronium (Greek for red) because the crystals of vanadium would turn red upon heating.The French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils claimed del Rà ­os element was actually chromium. del Rà ­o retracted his discovery claim.Swedish chemist Nils Sefstrà ¶m rediscovered the element in 1831 and named the element vanadium after the Scandinavian goddess of beauty Vanadis.Vanadium compounds are all toxic. Toxicity tends to increase with oxidation state.The first commercial use of vanadium steel was the chassis of the Ford Model T.Vanadium is paramagnetic.The abundance of vanadium in the Earths crust is 50 parts per million.The abundance of vanadium in seawater is 0.18 par ts per billion. Vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5) is used as a catalyst in the Contact Process to manufacture sulfuric acid.Vanadium is found in the proteins known as vanabins. Some sea species of sea cucumbers and sea squirts have yellow blood because of the vanabins in their blood. Sources Featherstonhaugh, George William (1831). New Metal, provisionally called Vanadium. The Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science: 69.Marden, J. W.; Rich, M. N. (1927). Vanadium. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 19 (7): 786–788. doi:10.1021/ie50211a012Sigel, Astrid; Sigel, Helmut, eds. (1995). Vanadium and Its Role in Life. Metal Ions in Biological Systems. 31. CRC. ISBN 978-0-8247-9383-8.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Sidney becket Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Sidney becket - Research Paper Example Bechet’s contributions to jazz music helped to define and legitimize the genre in creating recognition for the form as complex and engaging. Although different accounts dispute whether or not he could read music, he preferred not to, his ear perfect and suited for defining music to get to its soul. Bechet was born in 1897 to a family that was part of the Creole culture of New Orleans. Creole origins refer to those of Spanish or French heritage that populated the New Orleans region. Black Creole refers to those children of plantation owners and slaves that were able to gain their freedom. According to the Black Code of 1724, children of owners and slaves were allowed to be freed and could then own land. Many of the Black Creoles owned plantations and held successful businesses, giving them a vital position in New Orleans society. From the freedoms that money allowed, came the opportunity to pursue the arts. As well, most of their children were sent to France for an education and this wealthy class tended to be more associated with their European roots than the America in which they lived. Classical music was a part of the culture, and when combined with ragtime, European style dance music, and rich traditions of folk music, jazz was born (Kirchner 48). Thus, a great number of j azz musicians came out of New Orleans. Bechet’s musical talent was discovered when he was just a child. He bought a ten cent tin flute when he was twelve and revealed his talent on this toy instrument in such a way as to impress earn him the title â€Å"Wizard of Jazz†. He soon got a clarinet and took to disassembling the instrument and turning up randomly at the concerts of local bands and taking the stage. He left the audiences in awe of his talent (31). After his adolescence, he traveled the United States playing his music until he was discovered by Will Marion Cook in 1919 who offered him a space in the New York

Military Pay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Military Pay - Assignment Example In order to carryout this research, some of the resources that must be carried include electronics e.g. a laptop and mobile phone. Laptop will help in recording and storing information collected from the informants. This is a reliable storage facility because information is permanently stored. Writing materials are very essential when carrying out research. This is because the activity involves lots of recording. The researcher notes down information gathered from the informant in a notebook. These are mainly short notes that are later expounded when compiling data. Biro pens should also be enough for the number of people intended to fill the questionnaires.According to Nasu (2009), money is a major resource. In order to carry out any research, the researcher should ensure that he/she has enough funds. Most of the activities need money. For instance, money is needed to cater for transport purposes. In order to collect reliable data, the researcher should collect data in different reg ions and from different military officers then compare. Money is needed to cater for food and accommodation. What and where the researcher will eat, rest and sleep has to be paid for. The researcher should have enough airtime to feed their mobile phone to enable communications to take place, pay assistants who help in carrying out research as well as be in a position to cater for his and their medical needs. I will buy some gifts to motivate the informants. Finally, I will have the questionnaire and survey questions. that will be used to carry out the survey at hand. Personnel In order to carry out this research successfully, I have to hire somebody who will assist me carryout various activities. For instance, he/she will help me in distributing questionnaires to informants and collecting them after they have been filled. The research assistant will help in collection and documentation of data. Secondly, I will need somebody to help me go through areas I may not be familiar with. During data collection, I will visit different areas some which I may never have been before and that is why I may need somebody’s assistance. It may be difficult to access some of the areas I will have to visit because of poor or lack of roads. In this case I will need somebody to take me there through other means like motorbikes or animal transport like camels. Finally, I will need somebody to type and print the report after data collection and analysis has been completed (Orakhelashvili, 2011)

Dickinson vs Whitman Essay -- essays papers

Dickinson vs Whitman Two Poets, Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson are probably two of the most influential people in American poetry. They are regarded as the founders modern American poetry. Walt Whitman (1819-1892), for the time was breaking new ground with his diverse, energetic verse with regards to subject matter, form and style whether talking about overlooked objects in nature such as a single blade of grass or even our own hearing. Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) while living a life of seclusion, never really leaving her birthplace, was very adventurous internally. She was well read in English literature, often deeply exploring her own thoughts. While Dickinson and Whitman are referred to as the founders of modern American poetry, they are strikingly different. While Whitman’s poems are large and expansive, the lines long and visually descriptive, Dickinson’s works, in contrast, are highly compressed, squeezing moments of intense emotions and thought into tight four line stanzas whi ch contract feeling and condense thought. If one was to compare Whitman’s Crossing Brooklyn...

American Psychological Association Essay

Psychology has been defined as the study of human behavior, or a science that deals with mental and emotional processes. The American Psychological Association (2010) defines it as a diverse subject which is grounded in science, having numerous applications in everyday life. Given that any discipline is subject to continuous growth, psychology was not initially termed as a science until the mid nineteenth century. It is therefore a young science compared to other natural sciences which have a long history, but it is growing rapidly. Nevertheless, for it to be a science it must possess some scientific characteristics that describe every discipline termed as such. On the other hand, science is usually described as systematic knowledge derived from study and observation, or a branch of knowledge that systematizes facts, principles and methods. Since the purpose of this essay is to discuss psychology as a science, the integral part will give an insight into some of the characteristics of psychology that qualify it as a science. Studies of Milar, & Fuchs, (2002) indicate that the discipline of psychology has its roots in Germany back in the mid nineteenth century. It resulted from the British and the continental philosophies of mind and advances of research in sensory physiology. Before then, it was only the philosophers who were in pursuit of know how related to the mind and some of its processes. However, a challenge emerged in the late eighteenth century declaring that it was not possible to study mind scientifically. The challenge was eventually overcome in the nineteenth century after the emergence of a possibility of study of mind within the field of philosophy by adoption of experimental methods used to study the physiology of the senses. As a result, the new psychology came about and has continued to grow and develop. Psychologists have contributed greatly not only for the sake of its growth, but also with an aim of maintaining it as a scientific discipline through the employment of scientific methods. Psychology contains some of the characteristics that are common with other sciences. For instance, biology is the study of the living things and physics is the study of the physical world. Similarly, psychology is basically the study of human behavior, a phenomenon that can be observed. Although a number of people argue that some branches of psychology study things that cannot be observed like fear, sciences equally study things such as gravity which cannot be seen and are still considered scientific. The study method used is also very important. Any science utilizes scientific methods in its study. Simond (2008) indicates that since the mid nineteenth century, psychology has been applying scientific methods in the study of the full range of both human and non-human behavior. In addition, its application is scientifically based. Due to its diverse nature, there are many topics in psychology because it is very diverse, but systematic observation is incorporated in all the topics. Objectivity which is a core characteristic of any scientific study, is well incorporated in most of the psychological studies. In any objective study, the researcher does not impose any ideas that may be biased or incorporate elements of his personal beliefs. In most of the psychological studies, psychologists may bring into play laboratory studies which are largely controlled such that they cannot be biased by the researcher’s beliefs. For quite sometime, physiological, cognitive and behavioral approaches have been using objective methods like laboratory experiments. However, it has been argued that an objective and value free study is not actually possible because scientists usually have a preconceived notion and they consider other factors especially during the diagnosis of psychological problems (Simond, 2008). Psychology like other science makes use of theories to explain some psychological phenomena. For instance, there are several personality theories which explain the different personality types. In addition, there are theories that give details concerning the causes of a disorder like schizophrenia. It bears noting that one of these theories explains that schizophrenia is caused by biological factors. Although there are some psychological theories which cannot be tested, some of these theories are found in other sciences are generally accepted. The research done by Lutus (2009) reveals that the role of each science is to develop reasonable explanations known as â€Å"theories describing realities†. Moreover, the justifications are supposed to be based on real evidence which is gathered and evaluated disregarding the feelings or passions of the researcher. In addition, most of the psychological theories that have been tested fit in this category quite well. Although the discipline of psychology is still going through revolution, various studies affirm that psychologists have established various laws and principles which are universally acceptable. For instance, behavior is largely viewed as a product of consequences. Much as it may be argued that it is not very easy to have laws and principles in psychology without the influence of other factors, the same problem affects other natural sciences. Considering the fact that psychology has developed some laws and principles and is still in the process of developing it can be affirmed that it is indeed a science. Simond (2008) states that, whether psychology has ever had paradigm is currently an issue that is raising a lot of debate. From a psychologist’s point of view, the subject had undergone through a number of revolutions such that psychology has had a number of paradigms. Moreover, psychology can be stated as being in a stage of a normal science as its current paradigm is cognitive approach. A keen study of psychology illustrates that although there are some perspectives which may not be scientific, a majority of the outlooks fall under scientific perspectives. On the same note, behavioral, cognitive-developmental, cognitive and physiological approaches fall under scientific perspectives. It is only humanistic and psychodynamic approach which is thought to be slightly idiographic. The social approach is intermediate because it appreciates the role of science in psychology and still incorporates other sociological and environmental factors. All factors put into consideration, the fact is that psychology is a science because it mostly employs scientific approaches. As stated by Simond ‘the issue of psychology as a science is cloudy’ (2008, Para 6). On one hand, it is a science that studies human behavior and all the aspects related to the same such as memory. In the process carrying out these studies, various variables are measured and controlled to a certain point. Laboratories are used to improve the controls and to make them as systematic as possible and as a result, general laws about behavior are formed or established. On the other hand, psychology tends to partially deviate from the scientific perspectives since it does not aim at generalizing human behavior. In some instances, scientific methods are not useful especially where the focus is on individual differences and the experiences that people go through. In some cases, psychology utilizes some methods which are non-scientific such as the case studies as well as the unstructured interviews. Either way it is worth noting that, psychology developed from both scientific and non scientific disciplines which are physiology and philosophy respectively. However, ever since psychology started operating independently, it has always taken the model of the natural sciences. Moreover, it has made numerous contributions in the scientific study of human behavior (Simond, 2008). As depicted by the findings of this paper, it is therefore possible that psychology can be viewed as a science in spite of the fact that it does not concur with some of the traditional scientific specifications. Since it follows the scientific methods which have helped to advance other natural sciences such as physics, chemistry and biology, it qualifies to be termed as a science. In addition, psychology has so many characteristics that are still possessed by other sciences. It equally entails several theories, some of which have been developed in to testable hypothesis. Various laws and principles developed from the psychological studies have been generalized such that they can be applicable in different parts of the world. It however stands out that the issue of referring to psychology as a science is contentious but there is solid evidence to defend it. Word Count 1354 Bibliography: American Psychological Association.(2010). About APA. Retrieved June 4, 2010, from http://www. apa. org/about/ Lutus, P. (2009). Is Psychology a Science? Retrieved June 4, 2010, from http://www. arachnoid. com/psychology/index. html Milar, K. , & Fuchs, A. (2002). Psychology as a Science. Retrieved June 4, 2010, from http://media. wiley. com/product_data/excerpt/01/04713832/0471383201. pdf Simond, M. (2008). Psychology – A Science As Well As an Art. Retrieved June 4, 2010, from http://ezinearticles. com/? Psychology- ¬- ¬- ¬A- ¬Science- ¬As- ¬Well- ¬As- ¬an- ¬Art&id=961082

Theory of Demographic Transition Essay - 1200 Words

The Theory of Demographic Transition Demography is the study of the components of population variation and change. Death rate and birth rate are two determinants of population change. Theory of Demographic Transition is comparatively recent theory that has been accepted by several scholars throughout the world. This theory embraces the observation that all countries in the world go through different stages in the growth of population. A nations economy and level of development is directly related to that nations birth and death rates. Population history can be divided into different stages. Some of the scholars have divided it into three and some scholars have divided it into five stages. These stages or classifications demonstrate a†¦show more content†¦But the death rate exceeds the birth rate, which triggers the population increasing very slowly or almost stable. In this stage, birth rate becomes high due to less use of contraception and sterilization. Most of the people do survive in agriculture where the c hildren are considered as economic assets and so people are encouraged to get many children. Similarly death rate becomes high due to diseases, natural calamities, wars, etc. Infant death rate is also found very high. Because of poor health facilities provided by the state to the people, lack of clean water and sanitation and food shortage, health of the people will be weak so that the people will depart the life in high numbers. Before 1920, China and India were at this stage (Raj, H. 2003). This stage is generally found in the countries where people depend on agriculture as a main source of surviving. At present, the countries like Nigeria, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Angola, etc. are passing through this stage (Raj, H.2003) The Early Expanding Stage: This is the second stage of the Theory of Demographic Transition. In this stage, birth rate does not come down from the High Stationary Stage but death rate gets very much declined, which triggers very rapid growth in the population change. In this stage, the nation provides the better public health services to the people so that the people will not depart from the life so rapidly, and the declining in infantShow MoreRelatedThe Demographic Transition Theory941 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors that could be the cause of this. Looking at the demographic transition theory in conjunction with the Malthusian theory brought valuable insight for me. The demographic theory says there are four stages to population growth that are predictable. Those who are in their late 80’s and above were capable of seeing all four of these stages in America. As they aged and the stages for population advanced so did technology. 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AKINMAYá »Å'WA LAWAL MATRIC NO: 106584 Department of Sociology University Of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria. SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR UCHE C. ISIUGO-ABANIHE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN SOC 727: DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THURSDAY, 8 MAY, 2008. Abstract Human population over the past decades, have doubled, tripled and grown rapidlyRead MoreDemographic Transition Theory For Social Security And Adequate Health Care For Seniors And The Work And Retirement Challenges2057 Words   |  9 PagesThis paper will define demographic transition theory; analyze the implication of the funding and availability for social security and adequate health care for seniors and the work and retirement challenges that seniors face. The demographic transition theory is a widespread explanation of the changing mold of humanity, fertility and increase rates as civilizations move from one demographic system to another. â€Å"The term was first coined by the American demographer Frank W. Notestein in the mid-twentiethRead MoreMexico s Demographic Transition : Public Policy And Spatial Process1618 Words   |  7 PagesBerry, B. J., Hall, L. S., Hernandez-Guerrero, R., Martin, P. H. (2000). Mà ©xico s demographic transition: Public policy and spatial process. Population and Environment, 21(4), 363- 383. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=8682dba3-0cfb-4608-bc36- 42cf5849d36e@sessionmgr111vid=16hid=116 This article presents a case study on the demographic transition of Mexico using crude birth rates and crude death rates from 1899-1993 at five year intervals. The articleRead MoreThe Decline Of Fertility Rates1364 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped one of the first theories to explain the decline in fertility rates starting to be seen in industrializing nations (Thompson, 1930). Joined by Notestein in 1953, this classical theory of demographic transition postulates that changes in social life from industrialization and urbanization would cause first a decline in mortality followed by a decline in fertility (Notestein, 1953; Mason, 1997). Since the early 20th century, the world has undergone major demographic changes. In the first decadeRead MoreDemographic Analysis Of China And India Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesDemographic Analysis of China and India Malvika Walia* Assistant professor GGDSD College, Chandigarh +91-98555-78840, malvika.w@gmail.com Abstract Population size and growth has been a subject matter of research oriented people and economists from the time immemorial. It is so because the absorption of resources of a country and people living in the country are closely correlated according to the Malthus theory of Population. Therefore, an attempt has been endeavoured to find initially the demographicRead MoreMilton Cooley And George Herbert Mead s Concept Of The Social Self870 Words   |  4 Pages1. Sociologist, Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead, had similar theories of one’s self. Cooley and Mead both believed that people develop their self-image with social interactions with other people. Cooley’s theory, known as the â€Å"looking glass self†, states that the way one views themselves comes from a combination of personality judgement and how we think others perceive us. Cooley believed that how we perceive ourselves comes from how we imagine others see us, not from who we reallyRead MoreThe Growth Of Population Growth Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pagesexemplify how population growth is shaping different countries and societies. The study of Rwanda is a case of the Malthusian theory in play. The Malthusian theory states that population growth causes resources to be overused and the market value of labor to decline which will, in turn, lead to poverty (Diamond, Chapter 10). Therefore, according to the Malthusian theory, poverty is the eventual consequence of population growth. In Rwanda’s case, human population growth will outrun the growth ofRead MoreA Solution to the Population Problem:1724 Words   |  7 Pagesare numerous, however viable solutions are difficult to find. Adherents to the Malthusian theory, such as Garrett Hardin, author of the article There Is No Global Population Problem, believe that this extreme growth in population will hinder economic development, therefore the industrialized nations must fight to control the population boom. Others, including those supporting the demographic transition theory, such as Gerard Piel, author of Worldwide Development or Population Explosion: Our Choice